with pure heart

-ά,-όν ⁺ A 90-9-15-32-14=160 Gn 7,2(bis).3(bis).8

clean (of place) Lv 4,12; clean, pure, spotless Zech 3,5; pure Ex 30,35; clear (of admixture), pure Nm 5,17; clean (of pers.) Lv 7,19; free from guilt, clear of debt, pure Nm 8,7; clear (of victims) Gn 7,2; pure, unmixed (of metal) Ex 25,11; pure, honest (of oil) Ex 27,20

καθαρὸς ἀπὸ ὅρκου clear from an oath Gn 24,8; ἐν καθαρᾷ καρδίᾳ with pure heart Gn 20,6; ἐν πάσῃ εὐλογίᾳ καθαρᾷ with pure praise Tob 8,15; ἄρτος καθαρός white bread Jdt 10,5; πυρώσω σε εἰς καθαρόν I will purge you by fire Is 1,25

*Jb 11,15 ὥσπερ ὕδωρ καθαρόν as pure water-ממים? or-כמים? for MT ממום without blemish; *Neh 2,20

καθαροί pure-נקיים? for MT נקום we will arise

Cf. DEISSMANN 1897, 24; DODD 1954, 173; DORIVAL 1994, 171-172; HARLÉ 1988, 31; LE BOULLUEC

1989 259.280; WEVERS 1990 402. 404.442.622; 1993 346; →MM; TWNT

-ας ⁺ ἡ N 1 80-191-172-343-177=963 Gn 6,5; 20,5.6; 42,28; 50,21

heart (as part of the body) Tob 6,4; heart (as centre and source of physical life) Ps 103(104),15; id. (as centre of the whole inner life into which God looks) 1 Sm 16,7; heart, mind (as the faculty of thought or understanding) Jb 17,4; heart, memory Prv 3,1; heart (of the will and its decisions) Jer 38,33; heart (of emotions, wishes and desires) Jb 37,1; id. (of moral life) Ps 23(24),4; heart, conscience (as feeling for good and evil) 1 Sm 24,6; heart (of disposition) 2 Kgs 23,3; middle, midst, centre Jon 2,4; depth Ps 45(46),3; heart (of a tree) Ez 17,22

ἀπὸ καρδίας out of (their own) heart (of false prophets) Is 44,25, see also Ez 13,3; ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ in or with his heart (with verbs) Gn 6,5; ἐν καρδίᾳ ἀληθινῇ with sincere heart Is 38,3; οἱ συντετριμμένοι τὴν καρδίαν the broken-hearted Is 57,15; ἐλάλησεν αὐτῶν εἰς τὴν καρδίαν he spoke kindly to them Gn 50,21; λαλῆσαι ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτῆς to speak kindly to her Jgs 19,3; μὴ εἴπῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου do not say to oneself Dt 8,17; ἀναβήσεται ῥήματα ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν σου things will come up in your mind, you will think of something Ez 38,10; μὴ δὴ θέσθω ὁ κύριός μου καρδίαν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον let my Lord pay no attention to the man 1 Sm 25,25; κατισχῦσαι αὐτῶν τὴν καρδίαν to harden their heart, to encourage them Jos 11,20; ἐν καθαρᾷ καρδίᾳ ἐποίησας τοῦτο you did this with a pure heart Gn 20,5; ποιεῖν αὐτοῦ τὰ θελήματα καρδίᾳ μεγάλῃ to do his wishes wholeheartedly or generously 2 Mc 1,3

*Ez 17,22 καρδίας αὐτῶν of their heart corr.? κράδας αὐτῶν (acc. pl. of κράδη) quivering spray at the end of their branch for MT ינקותיו it shoots; *1 Kgs 12,33 ἀπὸ καρδίας αὐτοῦ out of his heart-ו/לב/מ (= MT^q) for MT^k לבד/מ all by himself; *Ez 13,3 ἀπὸ καρδίας out of their own hearts-לבם/מ for MT נבלים senseless, cpr. Ez 13,17; *Ps 84(85),9 πρὸς αὐτὸν καρδίαν (their) heart towards him-לו לב for MT כסלה/ל to folly; *Prv 15,22 ἐν δὲ καρδίαις in the hearts-לב/ב for MT רב/ב with a multitude, see also Prv 24,6;

*Prv 21,12 καρδίας the hearts-לבות for MT בית/ל (give attention) to the house; *Eccl 9,1 καὶ καρδία μου εἶδε and my heart saw-ראה ולבי for MT את בור/ול ברר and to examine

Cf. DOGNIEZ 1992 154-155(Dt 6,5); HARL 1986a, 61; LARCHER 1983 166-167(Wis 1,1).219 (Wis 2,2);

LE BOULLUEC 1989 67-68.121 (Ex 7,22-23); LUST 1997 240(Ez 17,22); PIETERSMA 1990, 265-266;

WALTERS 1973 197-198(Is 6,10).215(Ez 11,19); WEVERS 1990 130-131(Ex 9,14).509(Ex 31,6);

→TWNT

νεωκορ-έω,

A to be a νεωκόρος, serve, tend, in [voice] Pass.,

Ἑστία.. ὑπὸ παρθένων νεωκορεῖται Corn.ND28

, cf. BMus.Inscr.481*.153 (Ephesus, ii A.D.).

2 ironically, sweep clean, clean out, plunder a temple, Pl. R. 574d.

3 honour with a temple, τὸν αὑτῶν σύμμαχον (sc. θεόν) J.BJ5.9.4.

II metaph., keep clean and pure, νεωκορεῖν ἔρωτα cherish love in a pure heart (as in a temple), Luc.Am.48.

δίκαιος, αία, ον (s. δικαιοσύνη; Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.)

① pert. to being in accordance with high standards of rectitude, upright, just, fair

ⓐ of humans

α. In Gr-Rom. tradition a δ. pers. is one who upholds the customs and norms of behavior, including esp. public service, that make for a well-ordered, civilized society (Hom, Od. 6, 120f hospitality and fear of God mark an upright pers.; Dem. 3, 21 a δίκαιος πολίτης gives priority to the interest of the state). Such perspective opened a bridge to Greco-Romans for understanding of Jewish/Christian perspectives: e.g. the description of an eccl. overseer (w. σώφρων, ὅσιος) Tit 1:8. Both polytheistic and monotheistic societies closely associated uprightness, with special reference to behavior toward humans (cp. Pla., Rep. 4, 443; Aristot. EN 5, 1, 1129a-1130a), and piety in reference esp. to familial obligations and deity (Augustus enshrined the perspective, taking pride in being awarded a crown for his δικαιοσύνη and εὐσέβεια Res Gestae 34). In keeping with OT tradition, NT writers emphasize a connection between upright conduct and sense of responsibility to God; δ. like צַדִּיק=conforming to the laws of God and people. General definition ὁ ποιῶν τὴν δικαιοσύνην δ. ἐστιν one who does what is right, is righteous 1J 3:7; cp. Rv 22:11.—Ro 5:7. δικαίῳ νόμος οὐ κεῖται law does not apply to an upright person 1 Ti 1:9. οὐκ ἔστιν δίκαιος Ro 3:10 (cp. Eccl 7:20); δ. παρὰ τῷ θεῷ righteous in the sight of God Ro 2:13; δ. ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ (Gen 7:1; Job 32:2) Lk 1:6. W. φοβούμενος τὸν θεόν of Cornelius Ac 10:22. W. εὐλαβής (Pla., Pol. 311ab ἤθη εὐλαβῆ κ. δίκαια, τὸ δικαιον κ. εὐλαβές) Lk 2:25. W. ἀγαθός (Kaibel 648, 10; Jos., Ant. 8, 248; 9, 132 ἀνὴρ ἀγ. κ. δίκ.; s. ἀγαθός 2aα) 23:50; ἀθῷος (Sus 53) 1 Cl 46:4; ὅσιος (En 103:9) 2 Cl 15:3; ταπεινός B 19:6. (ὡς δίκαιον καὶ ἀναμάρτητον Just., D. 47, 5). Serving God w. a pure heart makes one δ. 2 Cl 11:1. Hence the δίκαιοι=the just, the upright in a specif. Israelite-Christian sense Mt 13:43 (cp. Da 12:3 Theod.) Lk 1:17; 1 Pt 3:12 (Ps 33:16); 1 Cl 22:6 (Ps 33:16); 33:7; 45:3f; 48:3 (Ps 117:20); 2 Cl 6:9; 17:7; 20:3f; B 11:7 (Ps 1:5f); MPol 14:1; 17:1; also of those who only appear upright (cp. Pr 21:2) Mt 23:28; Lk 18:9; 20:20; specifically of Christians Mt 10:41; Ac 14:2 D; 1 Pt 4:18 (Pr 11:31); Hv 1, 4, 2. W. apostles MPol 19:2; cp. 1 Cl 5:2. Esp. of the righteous of the OT: πατέρες δ. 1 Cl 30:7. W. prophets Mt 13:17; 23:29 (perh. teachers: DHill, NTS 11, ’64/65, 296–302). Of Abel (Did., Gen. 181, 10) Mt 23:35 (construction with τοῦ αἵματος deserves consideration: GKilpatrick, BT 16, ’65, 119); Hb 11:4; Enoch 1 Cl 9:3; Lot 2 Pt 2:7f (Noah: Just., D. 20, 1; 138, 1; δίκαιοι καὶ πατριάρχαι ibid. 67, 7); John the Baptist (w. ἅγιος) Mk 6:20; δ. τετελειωμένοι just persons made perfect (i.e., who have died) Hb 12:23. Opp. ἄδικοι (Pr 17:15; 29:27; En 99:3; 100:7) Mt 5:45; Ac 24:15; 1 Pt 3:18; ἁμαρτωλοί (Ps 1:5; En 104:6 and 12; PsSol 2:34) Mt 9:13; Mk 2:17; Lk 5:32; 15:7; ἁμαρτωλοί and ἀσεβεῖς (Ps 1:5f) 1 Ti 1:9; 1 Pt 4:18 (Pr 11:31); πονηροί (Pr 11:15) Mt 13:49 (μοχθηροί Tat. 3, 2). W. regard to the Last Judgment, the one who stands the test is δ. righteous Mt 25:37, 46.—Ro 1:17 (s. ζάω 2bβ); Gal 3:11; Hb 10:38 (all three Hab 2:4; cp. Larfeld I 494); Ro 5:19. Resurrection of the just Lk 14:14; prayer Js 5:16; cp. 5:6 (1bβ below). Joseph, who is interested in doing the right thing honorable, just, good (Jos., Ant. 15, 106; Diod S 33, 5, 6 ἀνδρὸς εὐσεβοῦς κ. δικαίου; Conon [I B.C.–I A.D.]: 26 Fgm. 1, 17 Jac.; Galen CMG V/10, 3 p. 33, 13f [XVIII/1 p. 247 K.] ἄνδρες δ.) Mt 1:19 (w. connotation of ‘merciful’ DHill, ET 76, ’65, 133f; s. δικαιοσύνη 3b).

β. of things relating to human beings ἔργα 1J 3:12; αἷμα δ. (Jo 4:19; La 4:13=αἷμα δικαίου Pr 6:17, where αἷ. δίκαιον is a v.l.) blood of an upright, or better, an innocent man Mt 23:35 (s. 1bβ below), and esp. 27:4, where δ. is v.l. for ἀθῷον; AcPl Ha 11, 8; ψυχὴ δ. upright soul (cp. Pr 10:3; s. also GrBar 10:5) 2 Pt 2:8; πνεῦμα δ. upright spirit Hm 5, 2, 7; ἐντολή (w. ἁγία and ἀγαθή) Ro 7:12. κρίσις (Dt 16:18; Is 58:2; 2 Macc 9:18; 3 Macc 2:22; Jos., Ant. 9, 4) J 5:30; 7:24; 8:16 v.l.; 2 Th 1:5; B 20:2. Pl. Rv 16:7; 19:2. φύσει δικαίᾳ by an upright nature IEph 1:1 (Hdb. ad loc.; Orig., C. Cels. 5, 24, 8); ὁδὸς δ. (Vi. Aesopi I G 85 P. of the ‘right way’) 2 Cl 5:7; B 12:4; pl. Rv 15:3.

ⓑ of transcendent beings. Because of their privileged status as authority figures, the idea of fairness or equity is associated w. such entities (for δ. in the sense of ‘equitable’ in a very explicit form s. Strabo 4, 18, 7).

α. God (NRhizos, Καππαδοκικά 1856, p. 113: it is gener. assumed that deities are just or fair, but the attribute is esp. affirmed in an ins fr. Tyana Θεῷ δικαίῳ Μίθρᾳ.—JMordtmann, MAI 10, 1885, 11–14 has several exx. of ὅσιος κ. δίκαιος as adj. applied to gods in west Asia Minor.—δικ. of Isis: PRoussel, Les cultes égypt. à Delos 1916, p. 276.—Oft. in OT; Jos., Bell. 7, 323, Ant. 11, 55 [w. ἀληθινός]; Just., A II, 12, 6, D. 23, 2) just, righteous w. ref. to God’s judgment of people and nations κριτὴς δ. a righteous judge (Ps 7:12; 2 Macc 12:6; PsSol 9:2; cp. the description of Rhadamanthys, Pind., O. 2, 69) 2 Ti 4:8; δ. ἐν τοῖς κρίμασιν 1 Cl 27:1; 60:1; cp. 56:5 (Ps 140:5); πατὴρ δ. J 17:25; cp. Ro 3:26; 1J 2:29; cp. 3:7; ὁ θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ δ. AcPlCor 2:12. W. ὅσιος (Ps 144:17; Dt 32:4) Rv 16:5. W. πιστός 1J 1:9.

β. of Jesus who, as the ideal of an upright pers. is called simply ὁ δ. the upright one (HDechent, D. ‘Gerechte’, Eine Bezeichnung für d. Messias: StKr 100, 1928, 439–43) Ac 7:52; 22:14; Mt 27:19, cp. 24 v.l.; 1J 2:1; 3:7b; Lk 23:47 (for Gr-Rom. associations in favor of upright, esp. in Lk 23:47 s. Danker, Benefactor ’82, 345f. GKilpatrick, JTS 42, ’41, 34–36, prefers innocent, so also Goodsp., Probs. 90f, but against this interp. s. RHanson, Hermathena 60, ’42, 74–78; RKarris, JBL 105, ’86, 65–74). W. ἅγιος Ac 3:14. On the qu. whether Js 5:6 applies to Jesus, s. KAland, TLZ ’44, 103 and MDibelius, Commentary (Hermeneia), ad loc. (but s. Greeven’s note in this comm. p. 240, 58: ‘perhaps a veiled, melancholy allusion to the death of James’).—Also of angels Hs 6, 3, 2.

② The neuter denotes that which is obligatory in view of certain requirements of justice, right, fair, equitable (Dio Chrys. 67 [17], 12; Jos., Ant. 15, 376; cp. Strabo 4, 18, 7; s. Larfeld I 494) δ. παρὰ θεῷ it is right in the sight of God 2 Th 1:6. Also δ. ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 4:19; δ. καὶ ὅσιον it is right and holy 1 Cl 14:1, pl. Phil 4:8; δ. ἐστιν it is right Eph 6:1; w. inf. foll. Phil 1:7; 1 Cl 21:4 (cp. Hyperid. 6, 14; PSI 442, 14 [III B.C.] οὐ δίκαιόν ἐστι οὕτως εἶναι; Sir 10:23; 2 Macc 9:12; 4 Macc 6:34); δ. ἡγοῦμαι I consider it right (Diod S 12, 45, 1 δ. ἡγοῦντο) 2 Pt 1:13; τὸ δ. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 97 §409 τὸ δ.=the just cause; Arrian, Anab. 3, 27, 5; Polyb.; IMagnMai; SEG XLI, 625, 5; pap; 2 Macc 4:34; 10:12; 3 Macc 2:25; EpArist; Jos., Bell. 4, 340 Ant. 16, 158; το νῦν δ. Tat. 1, 3) what is right Lk 12:57. τὸ δ. παρέχεσθαι give what is right Col 4:1. ὸ̔ ἐὰν ᾖ δ. δώσω ὑμῖν whatever is right I will give you Mt 20:4 (Diod S 5, 71, 1 τὸ δίκαιον άλλήλοις διδόναι; 8, 25, 4). Abstract for concrete (Philipp. [=Demosth. 12] 23 μετὰ τοῦ δ.; Dio Chrys. 52 [69], 6 ἄνευ νόμου κ. δικαίου; Ael. Aristid, 46 p. 302 D.) τὸ δίκαιον ὀρθὴν ὁδὸν ἔχει uprightness goes the straight way Hm 6, 1, 2. Pl. (Diod S 15, 11, 1; 19, 85, 3; Appian, Samn. 11 §4 al.; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 30, 1; Jos., Ant. 19, 288; SibOr 3, 257; Just., A I, 68, 3 δ. ἀξιοῦν; D. 28, 4 φυλάσσει τὰ αἰώνια δ.) δίκαια βουλεύεσθαι have upright thoughts Hv 1, 1, 8 (cp. λαλεῖν Is 59:4; ἐκζητήσεται 1 Macc 7:12; κρίνειν Ar. 15, 4; Just., A II, 15, 5).—B. 1180. DELG s.v. δίκη. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

καρδία, ας, ἡ (since Hom. [καρδίη, κραδίη]. Rather rare in other wr. in the period of the Gk. Bible [s. Diod S 32, 20; Plut., Mor. p. 30a; 63a; Epict. 1, 27, 21; M. Ant. 2, 3, 3; 7, 13, 3; Ps.-Apollod. 1, 4, 1, 5; Lucian; pap, incl. PGM 5, 157; 13, 263; 833; 1066; s. below 1bη], but common LXX, pseudepigr.; Ar. 15, 3; Just., D. 39, 5; 46, 5 al.; Ath. 31, 3. On Philo and Joseph. s. ASchlatter, D. Theol. d. Judentums nach d. Bericht d. Jos. ’32, 21).

① heart as seat of physical, spiritual and mental life (as freq. in Gk. lit.), fig. extension of ‘heart’ as an organ of the body (Il. 13, 282 al.), a mng. not found in our lit.

ⓐ as the center and source of physical life (Ps 101:5; 103:15) ἐμπιπλῶν τροφῆς … τὰς κ. satisfying the hearts w. food Ac 14:17. τρέφειν τὰς κ. fatten the hearts Js 5:5.

ⓑ as center and source of the whole inner life, w. its thinking, feeling, and volition (νοῦν κ. φρένας κ. διάνοιαν κ. λογισμὸν εἶπέ τις ποιητὴς [Hes., Fgm. 247 Rz.] ἐν καρδίᾳ περιέχεσθαι=some poet said that the heart embraces perception, wit, intellect, and reflection), of humans whether in their pre-Christian or Christian experience

α. in an all-inclusive sense: said of God’s or Christ’s awareness about the inner life of humans γινώσκειν τὰς καρδίας (cp. 1 Km 16:7; 1 Ch 28:9; s. also Did., Gen. 170, 24) Lk 16:15; δοκιμάζειν 1 Th 2:4; ἐρευνᾶν Ro 8:27; Rv 2:23 (νεφροὺς κ. καρδίας as Ps 7:10; Jer 17:10; 20:12); κριτικὸς ἐνθυμήσεων καὶ ἐννοιῶν καρδίας Hb 4:12; τὰ κρυπτὰ τῆς κ. 1 Cor 14:25 (cp. TestReub 1:4). Generally, of human attitudes ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς κ. ἄνθρωπος 1 Pt 3:4. ἐκ καρδίας from (the bottom of) the heart=sincerely (Aristoph., Nub. 86) Ro 6:17. Also ἀπὸ τῶν καρδιῶν (M. Ant. 2, 3, 3 ἀπὸ καρδίας εὐχάριστος τ. θεοῖς; Lucian, Jupp. Tr. 19; Is 59:13; La 3:33) Mt 18:35. ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας 1 Ti 1:5; 2 Ti 2:22; 1 Pt 1:22. ἐξ ὅλης τ. καρδίας (TestLevi 13:1) Ac 8:37 v.l. Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε ἐν ταῖς κ. ὑμῶν 1 Pt 3:15. Opp. κοιλία Mk 7:19. Opp. πρόσωπον and καρδία externals and inner attitude of heart (cp. 1 Km 16:7 ἄνθρωπος ὄψεται εἰς πρόσωπον, ὁ δὲ θεὸς ὄψεται εἰς καρδίαν) 2 Cor 5:12. The same contrast προσώπῳ οὐ καρδίᾳ outwardly, not inwardly 1 Th 2:17. As seat of inner life in contrast to mouth or lips, which either give expression to the inner life or deny it Mt 15:8; Mk 7:6 (both Is 29:13); Mt 15:18; Ro 10:8 (Dt 30:14); vs. 9f; 2 Cor 6:11. ψάλλοντες (+ ἐν v.l.) τῇ καρδίᾳ Eph 5:19. ᾂδειν ἐν ταῖς κ. Col 3:16.

β. of inner awareness (see the ‘poet’ under 1b above; Aesop, Fab. 254P.=232H/134b H-H./184 Ch.; 3 Km 10:2; Job 12:3; 17:4): 2 Cor 4:6; Eph 1:18; 2 Pt 1:19. τῇ κ. συνιέναι understand Mt 13:15b; Ac 28:27b (both Is 6:10). νοεῖν τῇ κ. think J 12:40b. ἐν τῇ κ. λέγειν (Dt 8:17; 9:4; Ps 13:1. Also Aesop Fab. 62 H.=283b 5 H-H./179c Ch. βοῶν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ alternating w. ταῦτα καθʼ ἑαυτὸν λέγοντος) say to oneself, i.e. think, reflect, without saying anything aloud Mt 24:48; Lk 12:45; Ro 10:6; Rv 18:7; διαλογίζεσθαι Mk 2:6, 8; Lk 3:15; 5:22; Hv 1, 1, 2; 3, 4, 3. The κ. as the source of διαλογισμοί Mt 15:19; Mk 7:21; Lk 2:35; 9:47. διαλογισμοὶ ἀναβαίνουσιν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Lk 24:38. ἀναβαίνει τι ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν τινός someth. enters someone’s mind=someone thinks of someth. (s. ἀναβαίνω 2) Ac 7:23; 1 Cor 2:9; Hv 3, 7, 2; m 12, 3, 5; Hs 5, 7, 2. Also of memory Hv 3, 7, 6; m 4, 2, 2; 6, 2, 8. θέσθαι ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Lk 1:66. διατηρεῖν ἐν τ. καρδίᾳ Lk 2:51 (cp. TestLevi 6:2). συμβάλλειν vs. 19. ἐνθυμεῖσθαι Mt 9:4. διακρίνειν Hv 1, 2, 2. πάντα τὰ ῥήματά μου ἐν καρδίᾳ λαμβάνων taking all my words to heart AcPl Ha 1, 6.—Likew. of a lack of understanding: ἡ ἀσύνετος κ. the senseless mind Ro 1:21; βραδὺς τῇ κ. slow of comprehension Lk 24:25 (cp. Tetr. Iamb. 2, 31a, 6 the mocking words of the fox ὦ ἀνόητε κ. βραδὺ τῇ καρδίᾳ). ἐπαχύνθη ἡ κ. τοῦ λαοῦ Mt 13:15a; Ac 28:27a (both Is 6:10). πωροῦν τὴν κ. J 12:40a; κ. πεπωρωμένη Mk 6:52; 8:17; ἡ πώρωσις τῆς κ. 3:5; Eph 4:18. ἀπατᾶν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ Js 1:26; cp. Ro 16:18. κάλυμμα ἐπὶ τὴν κ. κεῖται 2 Cor 3:15 (cp. ἐστί τι ‘κάλλυμα’ ἀγνοίας ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Orig., C. Cels. 4, 50, 5).—As the seat of thought, κ. is also the seat of doubt διακρίνεσθαι ἐν τῇ κ. Mk 11:23. διστάζειν Hm 9:5.—The gospel is sown in the heart Mt 13:19 v.l.; Mk 4:15 v.l.; Lk 8:12, 15. God opens the heart Ac 16:14 or the eyes of the heart Eph 1:18; 1 Cl 59:3 to Christian knowledge.

γ. of the will and its decisions (Diod S 32, 20) ἕκαστος καθὼς προῄρηται τῇ κ. each of you must give as you have made up your mind 2 Cor 9:7 (NRSV) (cp. TestJos 17:3 ἐπὶ προαιρέσει καρδίας). θέτε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν (s. 1 Km 21:13) make up your minds Lk 21:14; cp. Ac 5:4. πρόθεσις τ. καρδίας 11:23. βάλλειν εἰς τὴν κ. ἵνα put it into someone’s heart to J 13:2. Also διδόναι εἰς τ. κ. (2 Esdr 17:5) w. inf. foll. Rv 17:17, or πληροῦν τὴν κ. w. inf. foll. Ac 5:3. Cp. 1 Cor 4:5; 7:37; 2 Cor 8:16; in citation Hb 3:8, 15; 4:7 (each Ps 94:8) al. πλανᾶσθαι τῇ κ. 3:10. God’s law written in human hearts Ro 2:15; 2 Cor 3:2f. In citation Hb 8:10; 10:16 (both Jer 38:33). Stability in the face of dissident teaching Hb 13:9.

δ. of moral decisions, the moral life, of vices and virtues: ἁγνίζειν τὰς κ. Js 4:8; καθαρίζειν τὰς κ. Ac 15:9; Hv 3, 9, 8; w. ἀπό τινος Hm 12, 6, 5; καθαρὸς τῇ κ. pure in heart (Ps 23:4) Mt 5:8; καθαρὰ κ. (Sextus 46b) Hv 4, 2, 5; 5:7; m 2:7 cj.; Hs 7:6. ῥεραντισμένοι τὰς κ. ἀπὸ συνειδήσεως πονηρᾶς with hearts sprinkled clean from a consciousness of guilt Hb 10:22. κ. ἄμεμπτος 1 Th 3:13. ἀμετανόητος Ro 2:5. κ. πονηρὰ ἀπιστίας Hb 3:12; λίθιναι κ. B 6:14 (Ezk 36:26). γεγυμνασμένη πλεονεξίας trained in greediness 2 Pt 2:14 (cp. κ. … ἐπὶ τὸ κακὸν ἔγκειται Did., Gen. 104, 14). Cp. Lk 21:34; Ac 8:21f. περιτομὴ καρδίας (cp. Jer 9:25; Ezk 44:7, 9) Ro 2:29.—B 9:1; 10:12. Cp. Ac 7:51.

ε. of the emotions, wishes, desires (Theognis 1, 366; Bacchylides 17, 18): ἐπιθυμίαι τῶν κ. desires of the heart Ro 1:24. ἐπὶ τὴν κ. σου ἀνέβη ἡ ἐπιθυμία τ. πονηρίας Hv 1, 1, 8; cp. Hs 5, 1, 5. ἐνθύμησις m 4, 1, 2; 6, 2, 7. μὴ ἀναβαινέτω σου ἐπὶ τὴν κ. περὶ γυναικός m 4, 1, 1; cp. Hv 1, 2, 4; Mt 5:28.—6:21; 12:34f; Lk 6:45; 12:34; 24:32 (s. καίω 1b); Js 3:14; 5:8. Of joy: ηὐφράνθη ἡ κ. Ac 2:26 (Ps 15:9). χαρήσεται ἡ κ. J 16:22. Of sorrow: ἡ λύπη πεπλήρωκεν τὴν κ. 16:6; λύπη ἐγκάθηται εἰς τὴν κ. grief sits in the heart Hm 10, 3, 3. ἡ κ. ταράσσεται (Job 37:1; Ps 142:4) J 14:1, 27; ὀδύνη τῇ κ. Ro 9:2. συνοχὴ καρδίας anguish of heart 2 Cor 2:4; διαπρίεσθαι ταῖς κ. Ac 7:54; κατανυγῆναι τὴν κ. 2:37; συνθρύπτειν τὴν κ. 21:13. κ. συντετριμμένη a broken heart B 2:10; 1 Cl 18:17b (Ps 50:19). συντετριμμένοι τὴν κ. Lk 4:18 v.l. παρακαλεῖν τὰς κ. Eph 6:22; Col 2:2; 4:8; 2 Th 2:17. Of hope (Ps 111:7) Hm 12, 5, 2. Of repentance ἐξ ὅλης κ. Hv 3, 13, 4; m 5, 1, 7; 12, 6, 1. Of sensitivity about doing what is right (1 Km 24:6; 2 Km 24:10) 1J 3:19, 20, 21 (s. ASkrinjar, Verb. Dom. 20, ’40, 340–50). Of a wish εὐδοκία τῆς κ. (s. εὐδοκία 3) Ro 10:1. Of a longing for God τὴν κ. ἔχειν πρὸς κύριον Hm 10, 1, 6. ἐπιστρέφεσθαι πρὸς τὸν κύριον ἐξ ὅλης τῆς κ. 12, 6, 2 (cp. 3 Km 8:48). προσέρχεσθαι μετὰ ἀληθινῆς κ. with sincere desire (cp. Is 38:3; TestDan 5:3 ἀλ. κ.) Hb 10:22. Cp. the opposite Ac 7:39.—Also of the wish or desire of God ἀνὴρ κατὰ τὴν κ. (τοῦ θεοῦ) after God’s heart i.e. as God wishes him to be Ac 13:22 (cp. 1 Km 13:14).

ζ. esp. also of love (Aristoph., Nub. 86 ἐκ τῆς κ. φιλεῖν; M. Ant. 7, 13, 3 ἀπὸ κ. φιλεῖν τ. ἀνθρώπους) ἀγαπᾶν τινα ἐξ ὅλης τ. καρδίας Mk 12:30, 33; Lk 10:27 (cp. Dt 6:5 and APF 5, 1913, 393 no. 312, 9 ἐκ ψυχῆς κ. καρδίας). ἐν ὅλῃ τ. καρδίᾳ Mt 22:37; ἐπιστρέψαι καρδίας πατέρων ἐπὶ τέκνα Lk 1:17 (Mal 3:23); εἶναι ἐν τῇ κ. have a place in the heart 2 Cor 7:3; ἔχειν τινὰ ἐν τῇ κ. Phil 1:7; Hm 12, 4, 3; Hs 5, 4, 3; cp. m 12, 4, 5; κατευθύνειν τὰς κ. εἰς τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Th 3:5.—The opp. κατά τινος ἐν τῇ κ. ἔχειν have someth. against someone Hv 3, 6, 3.

η. of disposition (TestJob 48:1 ἀνέλαβεν ἄλλην κ.) διάνοια καρδίας Lk 1:51; ἁπλότης (τ.) καρδίας (TestReub 4:1, Sim 4:5 al.) Eph 6:5; Col 3:22; ἀφελότης καρδίας Ac 2:46. κ. καὶ ψυχὴ μία Ac 4:32 (cp. Iren. 1, 10, 2 [Harv. I 92, 5]; combination of ψυχή and καρδία as PGM 7, 472; IDefixWünsch 3, 15; Dt 11:18; 1 Km 2:35; 4 Km 23:3 and oft. LXX—on such combinations s. Reader, Polemo p. 260 and cp. Demosth. 18, 220 ῥώμη καὶ τόλμη). πραῢς καὶ ταπεινὸς τῇ κ. Mt 11:29 (cp. TestReub 6:10). ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ Χριστοῦ βραβευέτω ἐν ταῖς κ. ὑμῶν let the peace of Christ control you Col 3:15; cp. Phil 4:7.

θ. The human καρδία as the dwelling-place of heavenly powers and beings (PGM 1, 21 ἔσται τι ἔνθεον ἐν τῇ σῇ κ.): of the Spirit Ro 5:5; 2 Cor 1:22; Gal 4:6; of the Lord Eph 3:17; of the angel of righteousness Hm 6, 2, 3; 5.

② interior, center, heart, fig. ext. of 1 (Ezk 27:4, 25; Jon 2:4; Ps 45:3; EpJer 19) τῆς γῆς Mt 12:40.—S., in addition to works on Bibl. anthropology and psychology (πνεῦμα end): HKornfeld, Herz u. Gehirn in altjüd. Auffassung: Jahrb. für jüd. Gesch. u. Lit. 12, 1909, 81–89; ASchlatter, Herz. u. Gehirn im 1. Jahrh.: THaering Festschr. 1918, 86–94; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 216–22 (Paul), tr., Theol. of the NT, KGrobel, ’51, I, 220–27; RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms, ’71, 305–33. For OT viewpoints s. RNorth, BRev 11/3, ’95, 33 (lit.)—B. 251. EDNT. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

χάρις [pron. full] [ᾰ], ἡ, gen. χάρῐτος: acc. χάριν [ῑ in arsi, Il.5.874], etc.; also

A

χάριτα Hdt.6.41

, 9.107, E.El.61, Hel. 1378, X.HG3.5.16, Phylarch. 24 J., PGen.47.17 (iv A.D.), etc. (un-Attic, acc. to Moer.p.414P.): χάριταν Gloss.: pl. χάριτες; dat. χάρισι, χαρίτεσσι, Od.6.237, Il. 17.51, Pi.O.7.93: ([etym.] χαίρω):— grace:

I in objective sense, outward grace or fauour, beauty, prop. of persons or their portraits,

θεσπεσίην δ' ἄρα τῷ γε χάριν κατεχεύατ' Ἀθήνη Od.2.12

, etc.;

χάριν ἀμφιχέαι κεφαλῇ Hes.Op.65

;

εὐμόρφων δὲ κολοσσῶν ἔχθεται χ. ἀνδρί A.Ag. 417

(lyr.): pl., graces,

κάλλεϊ καὶ χάρισι στίλβων Od.6.237

;

ὄσσοις χάριτας Ἀφροδίτης ἔχων E.Ba. 236

;

μετὰ χαρίτων

gracefully,

Th.2.41

: less freq. of things, χ. δ' ἀπελάμπετο πολλή, of ear-rings, Il.14.183; of works,

ἔργοισι χάριν καὶ κῦδος ὀπάζει Od.15.320

; of words,

οὔ οἱ χ. ἀμφιπεριστέφεται ἐπέεσσιν 8.175

; πλείστη δὲ χ. κατὰ μέτρον ἰούσης [γλώσσης] Hes.Op. 720;

ταὶ Διωνύσου σὺν βοηλάτα χάριτες διθυράμβῳ Pi.O.13.19

;

ἡ τῶν λόγων χ. D.4.38

, cf. D.H. Comp.23;

μῦθοι πληθόμενοι χαρίτων AP9.186

(Antip.Thess.).

2 glory,

Φερενίκου χ. Pi.O.1.18

, cf. 8.57,80.

II in subjective sense, grace or favour felt, whether on the part of the doer or the receiver (both senses appear in such phrases as

ὅτ'.. ἡ χάρις χάριν φέροι S.OC 779

;

χάρις χάριν γάρ ἐστιν ἡ τίκτουσ' ἀεί Id.Aj. 522

, cf. E.Hel. 1234, Arist.Rh. 1385a16):

1 on the part of the doer, grace, kindness, goodwill, τινος for or towards one, Hes.Op. 190;

τῶν Μεσσηνίων χάριτι πεισθείς Th.3.95

; οὐ χάριτι τῇ ἐμῇ not for any kind feeling towards me, Antipho 5.41: abs.,

εἰ δέ τις μείζων χ. A. Supp. 960

;

τῆς παλαιᾶς χ. ἐκβεβλημένη S.Aj. 808

; ἦ μεγάλα χ. δώρῳ

σύν ὀλίγῳ Theoc.28.24

;

χ. εὑρεῖν ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ LXX Ge.6.8

, al.;

χάριν ἔχειν πρὸς τὸν δῆμον Plu.Dem.7

; partiality, favour,

μήτε ἔλεον μήτε συγγνώμην μήτε χ. μηδεμίαν περὶ πλείονος ποιήσασθαι τῶν νόμων Lys.14.40

;

οὐ συμφωνοῦσιν ὀργαὶ καὶ χάριτες μακαριότητι Epicur. Ep.

ip.28 U., cf. Pl.Lg. 740c.

2 more freq. on the part of the receiver, sense of favour received, thankfulness, gratitude,

χάριν καὶ κῦδος ἄροιο Il.4.95

;

ἀρέομαι πὰρ Σαλαμῖνος Ἀθαναίων χ. Pi.P.1.76

; τινος for a thing,

οὐδέ τίς ἐστι χάρις μετόπισθ' εὐεργέων Od.4.695

, cf. 22.319;

ἀντὶ πόνων χ. Th.4.86

: less freq. c. inf., οὐκ ἄρα τις χάρις ἦεν μάρνασθαι one has, it seems, no thanks for fighting, Il.9.316, 17.147;

οἵ οἱ ἀπεμνήσαντο χ. εὐεργεσιάων Hes.Th. 503

, cf. Th.1.137;

χάριν φέρειν τινί Pi.O.10(11).17

;

χ. τροφεῦσιν ἀμείβων A.Ag. 728

(lyr.);

φιλότητος ἀμειβόμεναι χ. S.El. 134

(lyr.); χάριν εἰδέναι τινί to acknowledge a sense of favour, feel grateful, once in Hom.,

ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι ἰδέω χ. ἤματα πάντα Il.14.235

; freq. in Prose, Hdt.3.21, Lys.2.23, Isoc.4.175, etc.; τούτων for a thing, X.Cyr.1.6.11, etc.;

τοῖς διαπεπραγμένοις Plu.Alex.62

;

μοι χ. οἶδεν ἐπὶ τούτοις Luc.

Bis Acc.17;

χ. προσειδέναι Pl.Ap. 20a

;

ἀποδιδόναι Id.R. 338a

;

τινὰ ἀποστερῆσαι χάριτος Id.Hp.Mi. 372c

; later

χ. γνῶναι Philostr.VA2.17

;

πολλὴν γνοῦσα χ. X.Eph.3.5

;

χ. ἐπίσταμαι πᾶσι Charito 3.4

, cf. 8.5, Poll.5.142, Jul.Or.8.246c; also

τῶν παροιχομένων ἔχειν σφι μεγάλην χ. Hdt.7.120

, cf. 1.71, E.Heracl. 767 (lyr.), IT 847 (lyr.), Lys.16.1, Hyp.Ath.5: c. part.,

χ. ἔχειν σωθέντες X.An.2.5.14

; also χάριτας ἔχων πατρός owing him a debt of gratitude, E.Or. 244: but ἀσπασμάτων χάριν τίν' ἕξει; what thanks will she have for.. ? Id.Hec. 830;

χ. ἂν ἐν τούτῳ μείζω ἔτι ἔσχεν Th.8.87

; χ. ὀφείλειν to owe gratitude, be beholden,

τοῖς θεοῖς S.Ant. 331

, cf. X.Cyr.3.2.30;

προσοφείλειν D.3.31

;

χ. οὐδεμία ἐφαίνετο πρὸς Ἀθηναίων Hdt.5.90

; χάριν ἀθάνατον καταθέσθαι to lay up a store of undying gratitude, Id.7.178, cf. 6.41;

τῇ πόλει χ. καταθέσθαι Antipho 5.61

, cf. Th.1.33; χάριν λαβεῖν τινος receive thanks from one, S.OT 1004, etc.;

ἀπολαβεῖν παρά τινων Lys.20.31

; τινος for a thing, X.Mem.2.2.5, Aeschin.2.4;

διπλῆν ἐξ ἐμοῦ κτήσει χάριν S.Ph. 1370

;

κἀπ' ἐμοῦ κτήσει χ. Id.Tr. 471

;

κομίσασθαι χ. Th.3.58

;

χάριτος τυχεῖν Lycurg. 135

;

ἀπέχειν χάριτας Call.Epigr.51.4

, etc.; τοῖς θεοῖς χάρις (sc. ἐστί) ὅτι .., thank the gods that.., X.An.3.3.14, Cyr.7.5.72;

χ. τινί τινος Luc.Tim.36

;

τινὶ ὑπέρ τινος Plu.2.1122a

.

3 favour, influence, opp. force,

χάριτι τὸ πλέον ἢ φόβῳ Th.1.9

; χ. καὶ δεήσει, opp. ἀπειλῇ, Plu.Sull.38.

4 love-charm, philtre, Luc. Alex.5, Merc.Cond.40.

III in concrete sense, a favour done or returned, boon, χάριν φέρειν τινί confer a favour on one, do a thing to oblige him, Il.5.211, 874, 9.613, Od.5.307, E.IT14, Or. 239, And.2.24 (so in [voice] Med., of the recipient, ib.9);

ἄλλοις χ. φέροντες Th.3.54

; χάριν θέσθαι or τίθεσθαί τινι, Hdt.9.60, 107, A. Pr. 782, E.Hec. 1211, etc.;

προσθέσθαι S.OC 767

;

χ. ὑπουργῆσαί τινι A.Pr. 635

;

παρασχεῖν S.OC 1183

;

πράσσειν E. Ion36

, 896 (lyr.);

δράσας Th.2.40

; ἀνύσαι prob. in S.Tr. 995 (anap.);

νέμειν Id.Aj. 1371

;

χ. δοῦναί τινι A.Pr. 821

, S.OC 1489 (but χ. δοῦναι, = χαρίζεσθαι (1.2), indulge, humour, ὀργῇ ib. 855;

γαστρί Cratin.317

); χ. χαρίζεσθαι, v. χαρίζομαι 1.1: χ. ἀνθυπουργεῖν return a favour, S.Fr. 339;

τίνειν A.Pr. 985

, Ag. 821;

χάριτας πατρῴας ἐκτίνων E.Or. 453

, cf. Pl. Mx. 242c, etc.;

χ. ἀποδιδόναι τινί Lys.12.60

, 28.17;

ἀντί τινος X.Ages.2.29

;

ὑπέρ τινος Isoc.4.56

;

τῶν ἔργων τὰς χάριτας ἀποδ. τινί Lys.31.24

;

χάριτας ἀντιδιδόναι Th.3.63

; opp. χάριν ἀπαιτεῖν to ask the repayment of a boon, E.Hec. 276, cf. Lys.18.23, D.20.156;

χάριτας ἀπ. Lycurg.139

;

χάριν ἐξαιτεῖσθαι S.OC 586

; χ. ἀποστερεῖν withhold a return for what one has received, Pl.Grg. 520c; τὰς αὑτοῦ εἰς τοὺς φίλους χ. the favours one has done them, Id.Lg. 729d; χ. ἄχαρις α thankless favour, one which receives, or deserves, no thanks, A.Pr. 545 (lyr.);

χ. ἀχάριτος Id.Ch.42

(lyr.), E.Ph. 1757 (lyr.).

b grant made in legal form, POxy.273.14 (i A.D.), PGrenf.2.70.5 (iii A.D.), etc.; αἱ τῶν Σεβαστῶν χ. imperial grants, OGI669.44 (Egypt, i A.D.).

2 esp. in erotic sense, of favours granted (v.

χαρίζομαι 1.3

),

ἀλόχου χάριν ἰδεῖν Il.11.243

, cf. A.Ag. 1206: more freq. in pl., X.Hier.1.34, 7.6, etc.; βίᾳ δ' ἔπραξας χάριτας ἢ πείσας κόρην; Trag.Adesp.402; in full,

χάριτες ἀφροδισίων ἐρώτων Pi.Fr. 128

, cf. Pl.Phdr. 254a, al.

IV gratification, delight, τινος in or from a thing,

συμποσίου Pi. O.7.5

;

νίκας Id.O.10(11).78

;

ὕπνου χ. E.Or. 159

(lyr.); even

χ. γόων Id.Supp.79

(lyr.); also concrete, of things, a delight, Pi.I.2.19 (pl.);

τὰν βοτρυώδη Διονύσου χ. οἴνας E.Ba. 535

(lyr.), cf. Ar.Nu. 311 (lyr.), Jul.Or.3.125b;

ἔνοπτρα, παρθένων χάριτας E.Tr. 1108

(lyr.): abs.,

Ἔρως.. εἰσάγων γλυκεῖαν χ. Id.Hipp. 527

(lyr.); opp. λύπη, S.El. 821, E.Hel. 655 (lyr.); opp. πόνος, S.OC 232 (lyr.);

θανεῖν πολλὴ χάρις A.Ag. 550

, cf. 1304;

βίου χ. μεθεῖσα E.Med. 227

;

οὐδεμίαν ἔχω τῷ βίῳ χάριν Ar.Lys. 865

; τοῖς δὲ σιτίοις χ. οὐδεμίαν οἶδ' ἐσθίων ib. 869; less freq. in Prose,

χ. καὶ ἡδονή Pl.Grg. 462c

, cf. D.20.26;

τοσαύτην ἔχει χ. Isoc.9.10

.

V δαιμόνων χάρις homage due to them, their worship, majesty, A.Ag. 182 (lyr.); ἀθίκτων χ. ib. 371 (lyr.);

ὅρκων E.Med. 439

(lyr.).

2 thank-offering, εὐκταία χ. τινός, opp. a common gift, A.Ag. 1387, cf. X.Hier.8.4;

ἔπεμψε χαίτην κουρίμην χ. πατρός A.Ch. 180

, cf. 517;

τιμὴ καὶ γέρα καὶ χ. Pl.Euthphr. 15a

, cf. La. 187a.

VI Special usages:

1 acc. sg. as Adv., χ. τινός in any one's favour, for his pleasure, for his sake,

χ. Ἕκτορος Il.15.744

; ψεύδεσθαι γλώσσης χ. for one's tongue's pleasure, i.e. for talking's sake, Hes.Op. 709, cf. A.Ch. 266; rarely with Art.,

τὴν Ἀθηναίων χάριν ἐστρατεύοντο Hdt.5.99

.

b as Prep., sts. before its case (once in Pi., P.2.70;

χάριν πλησμονῆς Pl.Phdr. 241c

;

χ. φιλίας Epicur.Sent.Vat.28

; χ. τίνος; LXX 2 Ch.7.21, cf. POxy.743.29 (i B. C.), etc.), but mostly after, for the sake of, on behalf of, on account of,

κακά νιν ἕλοιτο μοῖρα δυσπότμου χάριν χλιδᾶς S.OT 888

(lyr.); τοῦ χάριν; for what reason? Ar.Pl.53;

συγχωρῶ τοῦ λόγου χ. Pl.R. 475a

; so ἐμὴν χάριν, χάριν σήν, for my, thy pleasure or sake, A.Pers. 1046 (lyr.), E.HF 1238, etc.;

κείνου τε καὶ σὴν ἐξ ἴσου κοινὴν χ. S.Tr. 485

: less freq. with the Art.,

τὴν σὴν δ' ἥκω χ. Id.Ph. 1413

(anap.);

σοῦ τε τήν τ' ἐμὴν χ. E.Ph. 762

:—pleon.,

τίνος χάριν ἕνεκα; Pl.Lg. 701d

; also χάριν τινός as far as regards.., as to..,

ἔπους σμικροῦ χ. S.OC 443

; δακρύων χάριν if tears would serve, Id.Fr.557.6;

χ. θανάτου πόλιν ἀτείχιστον οἰκοῦμεν Epicur.Sent.Vat.31

; also, about, ἔπεμφεν ἐπὶ τὴν πενθεράν σου χ. τοῦ κτήματος about the farm, PFay.126.5 (ii/iii A. D.).—Orig. an acc. in apposition with the sentence, as in Il.15.744, etc., being a favour, since it is (was) a favour, as is evident in

κακῆς γυναικὸς χάριν ἄχαριν ἀπώλετο E.IT 566

;

τινὸς νίκας ἀκάρπωτον χ. S.Aj. 176

(lyr.).

2 with Preps.:

a εἰς χάριν to do a pleasure,

οὐδὲν ἐς χ. πράσσων Id.OT 1353

(lyr.);

ἐς χ. τίθεσθαί τι Plu.Mar.46

;

μηδὲ κρίσιν εἰς χ. ἕλκε Ps.-Phoc.9

(but ἐς τὴν τῶν ξυμμάχων χ. in such a way as to earn thanks.. Th.3.37); also

κατὰ χάριν Pl.Lg. 740c

; χάριτος ἕνεκα ib. 771d.

b

πράσσειν τί τινι πρὸς χάριν S.OC 1776

(anap.);

δρᾶσαι E.Hel. 1281

;

τοῖσι πολλοῖς πρὸς χάριν λέγειν τι Id.Hec. 257

, cf. X.Mem.4.4.4, HG6.3.7, Isoc.2.18, D.8.1 (but πρὸς χ. βορᾶς for the sake of it, S.Ant.30); πρὸς χ., opp. κλαίων, Id.OT 1152:—but πρὸς χ. εὐσεβίας, just like χάριν, Pi.O.8.8;

τίνος νόμου ταῦτα πρὸς χ. λέγω; S.Ant. 908

;

πρὸς ἰσχύος χ. E.Med. 538

; πρὸς χ. alone, as a favour, freely,

πρὸς χ. τε κοὐ βίᾳ S.Fr.28

; but κορέσαι στόμα πρὸς χ. to their heart's content, Id.Ph. 1156 (lyr.).

c ἐν χάριτι κρίνειν τινά to decide from partiality to one, Theoc.5.69; but also, for one's gratification, pleasure, ἐν χάριτι διδόναι or ποιεῖν τινί τι, X.Oec.8.10, Pl.Phd. 115b:

παραλαμβάνειν ἐν χάρισιν

gratefully,

Id.Lg. 796b

.

d διὰ χαρίτων εἶναι or γίγνεσθαί [τινι] to be pleasing to one, X.Hier.9.1,2.

e

ἐθελοντὶ καὶ μετὰ χάριτος

of pure good will,

Plb.2.22.5

, etc.;

ἐθελούσιοι καὶ χάριτος ἕνεκα ἐξιόντες X.Cyr.4.2.11

.

VII metaph. of the cypress, Gp.11.4.1; of some kind of myrtle, Sch.Il.17.51; of salt, ὅτι τὸ ἀναγκαῖον ἡδὺ ποιοῦσιν (sc. ἅλες) Plu.2.685a.

B [full] Χάρις, ἡ, as a mythological pr. n. declined like χάρις, save that the acc. is generally Χάριτα (exc. AP5.148 (Mel.), Luc.DDeor. 15.1, Paus.9.35.4): poet. dat. pl.

Χαρίτεσσι Il.17.51

, Pi.N.9.54; Χάρισσιν ib.5.54:—Charis, wife of Hephaestus, Il.18.382; mostly in pl. Χάριτες, αἱ, the Graces, 14.267, 275, Od.6.18, Pi.O.2.50, etc.; three in number, Hes.Th. 907, etc. (

τέσσαρες αἱ X.

, as a compliment, Call.Epigr.52.1); attendants of Aphrodite, Il.5.338, Hes. Op.73, h.Ven.61, Paus.6.24.7; coupled with Μοῦσαι, Hes.Th.64; κόμαι Χαρίτεσσιν ὁμοῖαι, i.e. like that of the Graces, Il.17.51; worshipped at Orchomenus in Boeotia,

Ἐτεόκλειοι Χάριτες θεαί Theoc. 16.104

, cf. Sch. ad loc., Str.9.2.40, Paus.9.35.3, 9.38.1: but at Lacedaemon and Athens only two were orig. worshipped, Id.3.18.6, 9.35.2;

Χαρίτων ἱερὸν ἐμποδὼν ποιοῦνται Arist.EN 1133a3

;

θύειν ταῖς X.

Plu.2.141f; in adjurations,

πρὸς τῶν Χαρίτων Pl.Tht. 152c

;

νὴ τὰς X.

Luc.Hist.Conscr.26;

ὦ φίλαι X.

Plu.2.710d.— Rarely in sg., X.

ζωθάλμιος Pi.O.7.11

;

Χάριτος ἡδίστης θεῶν Antiph. 228.4

.

διάνοια, ας, ἡ (s. διανοέομαι; Aeschyl., Hdt+.; in LXX nearly always for לֵב, לֵבָב).

① the faculty of thinking, comprehending, and reasoning, understanding, intelligence, mind as the organ of νοεῖν (SibOr 3, 421; Iren. 1, 14, 3 [Harv. I 135, 3]. Of God Hippol., Ref. 1, 19, 2) Hm 10, 1, 5. κατὰ διάνοιαν 1 Cl 19:3. Described as the seat of the λογισμοί Dg 2:1; as the organ of ζωή, πίστις, ἐγκράτεια 1 Cl 35:2. Darkened Eph 4:18; 1 Cl 36:2; 2 Cl 19:2; hence πηρὸς τῇ δ. maimed or blind in understanding 2 Cl 1:6 (cp. Ex 36:1 σοφὸς τῇ δ.; Job 9:4). In contrast, fixed on God (cp. Philochorus, cited 2, below) 1 Cl 35:5. Insight 1J 5:20 (Just., D. 5, 6 ἐπʼ ἄπειρον ἀεὶ τὴν δ. πέμπων). Of moral understanding Hb 8:10; 10:16 (both Jer 38:33); Hm 5, 2, 7; 11:1. W. heart and soul and mind (s. IDefixWünsch 1, 10) Mt 22:37; Mk 12:30 (ἐξ ὅλης τ. διανοίας Epict. 2, 2, 13); Lk 10:27 (Dt 6:5 v.l.); cp. 2 Cl 3:4. On τετρωμένοι κατὰ διάνοιαν GPt 7:26 s. τιτρώσκω.

② mind as a mode of thinking, disposition, thought, mind (Jos., Ant. 2, 19; Ath. 32, 3) εἰλικρινὴς δ. 2 Pt 3:1; καθαρὰ δ. 1 Cl 21:8; ἁπλῆ δ. 23:1; ἄμωμος δ. ITr 1:1; ὑπερήφανος διανοίᾳ καρδίας αὐτοῦ (1 Ch 29:18; Bar 1:22) proud in the thoughts of his heart Lk 1:51; ἐχθρὸς τῇ δ. hostile in attitude Col 1:21; ἀπερισπάστῳ δ. w. undisturbed mind IEph 20:2. The mind becomes discouraged Hv 3, 11, 3; disturbed 2 Cl 20:1; corrupted away fr. the Lord Hs 4:7 (contrast Philochorus [IV/III B.C.]: 328 Fgm. 188b Jac. in a hymn to a goddess concerning the devotee’s ‘pure mind’). In imagery gird up the loins of the mind 1 Pt 1:13.

③ mind focused on objective, purpose, plan (Jos., Vi. 158) εἰδὼς [τὴν δι]άνοιαν (as restored by edd., but w. proviso PEg² p. 22 [s. ἄνοια]) PEg² 50f =ASyn. 280, 45. So prob. in 1 Cl 33:4, if κατὰ διάνοιαν (lacking in Lat., Syr., and Coptic transl.) is orig.: in accordance with plan.

④ mind as fantasizing power, imagination, in an unfavorable sense 1 Cl 39:1.

⑤ mind in sensory aspect, sense, impulse, in a bad sense (Num 15:39) pl. Eph 2:3.—B. 1240. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv.

θιγγάνω, [tense] fut. προς-θίξῃ prob. for

A

- εις E.Heracl. 652

: 2 [tense] fut.

τεθίξομαι Id.Hipp. 1086

: [tense] aor.2

ἔθῐγον Archil.71

, E.Ba. 304, etc.; [dialect] Lacon. inf.

σιγῆν Ar.Lys. 1004

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.

θιχθῆναι S.E.M.9.258

:—touch, handle: abs.,

μὴ θίγγανε IG12(3).451

([place name] Thera), etc.: usu. c. gen.,

οἴακος A.Ag. 663

, etc.; χερσὶ or χερὶ θ. τινός, Id.Th.44, E.Ba. 1318;

δι' ὁσίων χειρῶν S.OC 470

: c. acc., χεῖρα (s. v.l.)

Νεοβούλης θιγεῖν Archil.

l.c.; χερσὶ γλαυκᾶς ἐλαίας θιγοῦ[σ' ὄζον] Limen.6 (dub. l.):—[voice] Pass., to be touched, Arist.HA 495a6.

2 take hold of, τινος S.Aj. 1410 (anap.), etc.; θ. ὠλέναισιν τέκνου embrace, E.Ph. 300 (lyr.); θ. γυναικός have intercourse with.., Id.Hipp. 1044; θ. εὐνῆς ib. 885, cf. S.OC 329: abs., E.El.51; γλίχεται θιγεῖν καὶ συνεῖναι, of man's aspiration after God, Phld.D. 3.1.

3 touch, attempt, παντὸς.. λόγου κακοῦ γλώσσῃ θ. S.Ph. 408;

μή μοι λεπτῶν θίγγανε μύθων E.Fr. 924

;

θ. πονηρίας Isyll.5

; in hostile sense, attack,

θηρός E.Ba. 1183

(lyr.);

σώματος τοῦ σοῦ Id.IA 1351

(troch.).

II metaph., of the feelings, touch, θιγγάνει σέθεν τόδε; Id.Hipp. 310; ψυχᾶς, φρενῶν, Id.Alc. 108; πολλὰ θ. πρὸς ἧπαρ reach to the heart, A.Ag. 432 (lyr.).

2 touch upon, in speaking or discussion, Arist.Metaph. 988a23,al., Pol. 1323b38; also of the mind, apprehend,

νοῦς.. θιγγάνων καὶ νοῶν Id.Metaph. 1072b21

, al.

3 reach, win,

ἀγώνων Pi.I.1.18

, etc. also c. dat., θ. ἡσυχίᾳ, ἀρεταῖς, ψεύδει, Id.P.4.296, 8.24, 9.42; reach, hit,

διαβολὴ θ. τινός Plu.Alex.10

.—Not found in pure [dialect] Att. Prose ( ἅπτομαι being used), but used by X.Cyr.1.3.5,al.: [tense] aor. 1 inf. θίξαι v.l. for ψαῦσαι in Suid.s.v. θιγεῖν, θῖξαι v.l. for δεῖξαι in Arist.EN 1111a14.